Section 1: The sins commited by the New Testament churches and the truth in the spoken words of God

2nd Empire: The Akkadian Empire

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The 2nd Akkadian Empire was the first empire of ancient Mesopotamia, making it the oldest empire in the world. Under the empire, Akkadians and Sumerians were united, and many people were bilingual, speaking both Akkadian and Sumerian languages.

There were eight kings over the duration of the Akkadian Empire: Sargon, Rimush, Manishtushu, Naram-Sin, Shar-Kali-Sharri, Interregnum, Dudu, and Shu-turul.

Although scholars have documented over 7,000 texts detailing the Akkadian Empire, they have not yet located the capital city of Akkad. Most archaeological research related to the Akkadian Empire comes from an area in modern northeastern Syria, which became part of Assyria after the fall of Akkad.

3rd Empire: The Assyrian Empire

Year Established and Ended: c. 2025 BCE – c. 605 BCE
Duration: 1,420 years
Founding Country: Assyria (parts of modern-day Iraq, Turkey, Syria, and Iran)
Capital City: Several throughout different periods; the first capital city was Aššur

The Assyrian Empire is typically divided into four eras: the Early Assyrian Period, the Old Assyrian Empire, the Middle Assyrian Period, and the New Assyrian Period. Although the first capital city of Aššur was established around 2600 BCE during the Early Period, Assyrians were under the rule of the Akkadian Empire at that time.

While it was a kingdom during this time, the Assyrian Empire did not emerge until after the fall of the Akkadian Empire. At its height, the Assyrian Empire ruled over what the ancient Mesopotamian religion called the “Four Corners.”

4th Empire: The Babylonian Empire (First Babylonian Dynasty)

Year Established and Ended: c. 1894 BCE – c. 1595 BCE
Duration: 300 years
Founding Country: Central-southern Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq)
Capital City: Babylon

The Babylonian Empire lasted from about 1894 BCE to 1595 BCE. This first era in the Babylonian Empire emerged when an Amorite king established a small kingdom that included Babylon, which was a minor town at the time.

Eventually, Babylon grew in size and power, reaching its peak under the reign of Hammurabi (c. 1728–1686 BCE). After Hammurabi’s death, the Babylonian Empire rapidly declined and reverted back to a small kingdom. Around the end of the First Babylonian Dynasty, the capital city of Babylon was sacked by the Hittites under King Mursili.

5th Empire: The Medes and Persian Empire

The original Persian (or Achaemenid) Empire, established by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BCE, lasted approximately 200 years until the death of Darius III in 330 BCE, following his defeat by Alexander the Great.

6th Empire: Ancient Greece Empire

Ancient Greece was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BCE to the end of classical antiquity. It comprised a loose collection of city-states and territories.

Beginning date: Around 800 BCE

7th Empire: The Roman Empire

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The Roman Empire was one of the greatest and most influential civilizations in the world, lasting over 1,000 years. The complexity of its rise and fall makes it challenging to trace precisely, but it all started in the city of Rome, Italy.

It’s important to understand that the Roman Empire was a period within Ancient Rome’s history. Ancient Rome refers to the city’s beginning in the 8th century BCE and its expansion through to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. This history is split into the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire.

Before the Empire, the Roman Republic governed for 500 years. The Republic expanded from Rome to the rest of Italy, North Africa, and the Mediterranean. Though historical writing in Rome began in the late 3rd century BCE, it is known that the Republic’s authority faded as it struggled to manage its expanding power.

The growing wealth gap led to armies being paid in gold, which shifted soldiers’ loyalty from the Republic to their generals. Julius Caesar exploited this, seizing control and becoming dictator of Rome. His move to become dictator for life led to his assassination in 44 BCE.

Despite Caesar’s death, the Republic ended, and the Roman Empire began. Caesar’s adopted son Octavian replaced him as leader, becoming Emperor Augustus and ushering in the Pax Romana—a period of peace and dominance.

The Empire reached its peak, controlling North Africa, Egypt, Southern and Western Europe, the Balkans, Crimea, and much of the Middle East. For easier study, scholars split the Empire into Western and Eastern parts.

The End of the Roman Empire

The Roman Empire is famous for both its greatness and its fall, known as “The Fall of Rome.” Multiple factors contributed to its collapse, including:

• Heavy military spending that drained finances

• Losses in battles requiring more hired soldiers

• Economic strain due to the decline of slavery after new laws banned it

• Public unrest and loss of faith in the Emperor, who was once seen as a god, partly due to the rise of Christianity

• Political corruption and constant murder and replacement of emperors

• The Senate’s struggle for power

The weakening of the military, once the Empire’s backbone, hastened the collapse. The Empire’s vast size made governing difficult. The Western Roman Empire fell first, followed by the Eastern Roman Empire about 1,000 years later.

The fall of Rome marked the beginning of the Dark Ages. Despite the Empire’s end, many modern policies and engineering achievements owe their origins to Ancient Rome.

8th Ruler: The Papacy (Line of Popes)

The eighth ruler of the world was and is the Papacy or line of Popes, described here as antichrists arising from the seven hills of Rome. This Papacy’s empire is characterized as deceitful, manipulative, full of falsehood, dangerous, sorcerous, magical, and deceptive—under a false Christianity that stands against the true church of Jesus Christ.

You can read more about these antichrists in the article titled “The real evil antichrist revealed to me by our Lord Jesus Christ.” The depth of God’s word in scripture can only be fully revealed by God Himself.

The Ten Kings and the Beast (Revelation 17:9-17)

Many scholars and writers have attempted to interpret Revelation 17:9-17, which refers to:

• The “seven hills” of Rome

• The “ten horns,” representing ten kings who have not yet received kingdoms but will rule alongside the beast for a short time

These ten kings correspond to the ten empires of Rome in their historical names, now reflected in their new forms as the European Union or the revived Roman empires.

The Kingdom Divided (Revelation 17:41)

The prophecy mentions a kingdom divided as part clay and part iron, symbolizing a divided kingdom with some strength in iron mixed with miry clay.