Section 1: The sins commited by the New Testament churches and the truth in the spoken words of God

Jerusalem and Its Significance

Jerusalem remained central to Jewish life and culture even after its destruction. It became a powerful symbol of hope for return, rebuilding, and national renewal. The belief in a Third Temple continues to be a cornerstone of faith.

Changes to the Lord’s Days and Months

Roman emperors altered the Lord’s day of worship from the 1st day (Sabbath) to the 7th day, shifting it from Monday to Sunday.

The months of the Lord, according to the Bible, are as follows:

• Nisan (also called A-bib)

• Iyar

• Sivan

• Tammuz

• Av

• Elul

• Tishri

• Heshvan

• Kislev

• Tevet

• Shevat

• Adar

Each of these months has 30 days, and there are no leap years, based on biblical scriptures.

Biblical Calendar Overview

According to the Bible, there is no leap year. The calendar consists of twelve months, each exactly 30 days long, totaling 360 days per year. This is supported by scripture:

God is not a God of confusion—each biblical month is 30 days. For example, the 1260 years associated with the antichrist prophecy align perfectly when divided by 30 days per month, resulting in 42 months as spoken in Revelation 11:3.

Historical Context and Calendar Differences

In ancient times, a year was considered 360 days, divided into twelve 30-day months. Abraham used this calendar in Ur, and the Genesis flood story reflects this as well with its 150-day intervals (5 months x 30 days).

Many cultures and nations, including the Jews (who use a lunar calendar with leap months) and Muslims (who use a lunar calendar starting from the life of Mohammed), have calendars that differ from the biblical calendar.

The modern Gregorian calendar, finalized by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582, involved several adjustments (leap years, removing days) to align with the solar year, which differs from the biblical 360-day calendar.

Scriptural Evidence of the 360-Day Year

• Genesis 7-8 records the flood lasting 150 days, which equals exactly five 30-day months.

• Revelation 11 speaks of 42 months (1260 days), reinforcing the 30-day month structure.

• Malachi 3:6 states, “For I am the LORD, I change not,” emphasizing that God’s calendar remains unchanged.

The Lord’s Feasts and Commandments

The feasts of the Lord, as described in Leviticus 23, are still relevant and should be observed by New Testament believers, not just the children of Israel. These feasts are holy convocations established by God Himself.

The Lord’s New Year is marked in Exodus 12:1-2, where God commands Moses and Aaron that the first month of the year shall be for them the beginning of months.

The Sabbath and the Ten Commandments

The seventh-day Sabbath is a creation ordinance, established before Israel as seen in Genesis 2:1-3, and reaffirmed in Exodus 20:8-11.

Moses declared the Sabbath a day of rest for everyone, not just for Israel (Exodus 16).

The Beast and Calendar Changes

Daniel 7 and Revelation 13 describe a “beast” power that changes times and laws. Historically, this aligns with:

• The Roman Empire’s calendar reforms under Julius Caesar.

• The Roman Catholic Church’s calendar reform under Pope Gregory XIII.

Though pagan Rome and the Roman Catholic Church appear different, they share the same spirit that sought to control time and laws, including the calendar.

Conversion Between Biblical and Modern Calendars

Biblical years of 360 days do not match the Gregorian solar year of approximately 365.24 days.

For example, 69 Gregorian years equal 70 biblical years when accounting for the difference in year length.

Conclusion

God’s calendar, based on His word, is perfect and unchanging. Believers are called to recognize and observe the biblical feasts, the New Year, and the Sabbath as commanded by God—not as a tradition limited to Israel but as a continuing covenant for all true followers of Christ.

How the Roman Empires Changed God’s Months

January
31 days

February
28 or 29 days for leap year

March
31 days

April
30 days

May
31 days

June
30 days

July
31 days

September
30 days

October
31 days

November
30 days

December
31 days

Rome changed the days and the months of God’s original calendar—from days 1 through 7, and the months based on God’s lunar system—to Roman days honoring their gods and goddesses. The months were renamed for Roman gods and their emperors, replacing the original names and meanings.

When you say “Happy New Year” in January, you are celebrating Janus, the pagan deity the month is named after. Janus is the two-faced god who looks back to the past and forward to the future at the same time. This is pagan and goes against our Creator, Yahuah! According to Scripture, the new year begins in spring.

Exodus 12:2
This month (Abib) shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you.

Pagan practices oppose our Creator’s word. If you love Him, stop following customs that go against His commands.

Next, we will discuss who changed God’s lunar calendar to the solar calendar.

History of the Months and the Meanings of Their Names

The original Roman year had 10 named months:

• Martius (March)

• Aprilis (April)

• Maius (May)

• Junius (June)

• Quintilis (July)

• Sextilis (August)

• September

• October

• November

• December

There were two unnamed months during the winter, a period less important for farming. The year began with Martius (March).

Numa Pompilius, Rome’s second king (~700 BC), added two months: Januarius (January) and Februarius (February). He moved the year’s start from March to January and changed the number of days in several months to odd numbers, considered lucky. Occasionally, an extra month called Intercalaris (or Mercedonius) was added after February to adjust the calendar, which is where the leap year day originated. Julius Caesar reformed the calendar in 46 BC, removing Intercalaris and altering month lengths.

January — Janus’s Month

• Etymology: Middle English Januarie, Latin Januarius — “of Janus”

• Meaning: Named after Janus, Roman god of gates and doorways, depicted with two faces looking opposite ways.

• Days: Originally 29 days, changed to 31 by Julius Caesar.

• Festival: Dedicated to Janus, symbolizing beginnings and transitions.

February — Month of Februa

• Etymology: Middle English Februarius, Latin Februarius — “of Februa”

• Meaning: Named for Februa, a purification festival held on February 15, possibly of Sabine origin.

• Days: 28 days, with 23 or 24 days every second year until Julius Caesar’s reforms added 29 days every fourth year (leap year).

• Festival: Festival of purification.

Intercalaris — Inter-Calendar Month

• Etymology: Latin Intercalaris — “inter-calendar”

• Days: 27 days until abolished by Julius Caesar.

• Function: Inserted irregularly to correct the lunar calendar to the solar year.

March — Mars’ Month

• Etymology: Middle English March(e), Latin Martius — “of Mars”

• Meaning: Named for Mars, Roman god of war (Greek: Ares).

• Days: Always 31 days.

• Significance: Originally the first month and the start of the military campaign season.

April — Aphrodite’s Month

• Etymology: Latin Aprilis, possibly from Etruscan Aperu or Greek Aphro (Aphrodite)

• Meaning: Named for Aphrodite (Roman Venus), goddess of love and beauty.

• Days: 30 days (changed from 29 by Julius Caesar).

May — Maia’s Month

• Etymology: Latin Maius — “of Maia”

• Meaning: Maia, Italic goddess of spring, daughter of Faunus, wife of Vulcan.

• Days: Always 31 days.

June — Juno’s Month

• Etymology: Latin Junius — “of Juno”

• Meaning: Juno, principal Roman goddess of marriage and women’s well-being; wife and sister of Jupiter.

• Days: 30 days (changed from 29 by Julius Caesar).

July — Julius Caesar’s Month

• Etymology: Latin Julius, formerly Quintilis (fifth month)

• Meaning: Renamed in honor of Julius Caesar by himself after calendar reform.

• Days: 31 days.

August — Augustus Caesar’s Month

• Etymology: Latin Augustus, formerly Sextilis (sixth month)

• Meaning: Renamed for Augustus Caesar, Julius Caesar’s heir and first Emperor.

• Days: 31 days (changed from 29 by Julius Caesar).

September — The Seventh Month

• Etymology: Latin September — from septem (seven)

• Days: 30 days.

October — The Eighth Month

• Etymology: Latin October — from octo (eight)

• Days: 31 days.

November — The Ninth Month

• Etymology: Latin November — from novem (nine)

• Days: 30 days.

December — The Tenth Month

• Etymology: Latin December — from decem (ten)

• Days: 31 days.

Sources

• William Morris, editor, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, New College Edition, 1976

• Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary, Portland House, 1989

• William Matthew O’Neil, Time and the Calendars, Sydney University Press, 1975

The Roman Calendar

The early Roman calendar was borrowed partly from the Greeks and originally had 10 months totaling 304 days. The missing 61 days of winter were uncounted. The months began in March: Martius, Aprilis, Maius, Junius, Quintilis, Sextilis, September, October, November, and December. The last six months’ names reflect their numeric order (five through ten).

Romulus, the first King of Rome (8th century BC), is said to have introduced this calendar. Numa Pompilius added January and February as winter months. The calendar was lunar-based with 355 days, adjusted occasionally by inserting the month Mercedinus after February to keep seasons aligned.

Mercedinus (also called Intercalaris) added 23 or 24 days and was inserted by decision of the Pontifex Maximus, the high priest responsible for calendar adjustments.

Roman Year Numbering and Important Days

Years were counted from Rome’s founding in 753 BC, termed Ab Urbe Condita (AUC). They were also named for the consuls in office.

The calendar had three special days each month:

• Calends (Kalends): First day of the month, dedicated to Juno, marking the start of the month.

• Ides: 15th day of months with 31 days, 13th for others, dedicated to Jupiter. Marked by the full moon, roughly mid-month.

• Nones: Nine days before the Ides, falling on the 5th or 7th, marking the moon’s first quarter.

Days were counted backward from these points (e.g., March 23 was “9 days before the Calends of April”).

The Julian Calendar

By 46 BC, the calendar was off by several months due to political disorder. Julius Caesar reformed it using Egyptian astronomy, which measured the solar year as 365.25 days.

The Julian calendar eliminated the intercalary month, adopted a 365-day solar year, and added a leap day every four years in February. To align the calendar, 46 BC was extended to 445 days by adding three intercalary months.

The fifth month, Quintilis, was renamed Julius (July), and the sixth month, Sextilis, was later renamed Augustus (August) for Caesar’s heir. These names and month lengths have remained mostly unchanged for over 2,000 years.

The Gregorian Calendar Correction

The Julian calendar’s year was slightly too long by 11 minutes and 14 seconds, causing an error of about 10 days by 1582. Pope Gregory XIII corrected this by removing 3 leap days every 400 years and skipping 10 days in October 1582.

This Gregorian calendar is more accurate and is still used today, though different countries adopted it at different times, with Russia switching as late as the 20th century.

Latin Names of Days in the Months (Julian Calendar Example)